The American Diabetes Associations Standards of Care in Diabetes2025 have recommended the use of GLP-1RAs in patients with T2DM, symptomatic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and obesity [40]
We detected a lower arginine/proline media ratio (lower metabolite concentrations in arginine medium compared to proline medium) for 2-oxoglutarate, linoleate, 11,14-eicosadienote, proline, 2-aminoadipate, pyroglutamate, para-toluate, 2-aminobutyrate, lysine, glutamine, alanine, glutamate, serine, and margarate in gdh3 / gdh3 mutants compared to wild-type
Importantly, elevated KYNA in the CNS may contribute to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia by antagonizing 7nAChRs and NMDARs, which are critical for synaptic plasticity, working memory, and cortical network coordination [76, 240,241,242]
This parallels the views of another group who note the dramatic increase in scientific, public, and industrial interest in probiotics and prebiotics as potential management agents for gut microbiota, and suggest that this field has the potential to create a new route for personalized medicine (54)